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From the Department of the Little and the Late

Should it ever happen that the sacred poem
to which heaven and earth have set their hand,
such that I am made lean after all these years,

con­quers the cru­elty that locked me out
of the sweet sheep­fold where I slept as a lamb,
enemy of the wolves who brought it war,

with another voice and another fleece
I shall then return a poet…
            —Dante, Par­adiso XV.1-8

The Tele­graph reports that the city coun­cil of Flo­rence has voted to revoke the sen­tence that sent the Ital­ian poet into exile for the remain­der of his life. The March 1302 con­dem­na­tion promised death by fire were Dante ever to set foot in the city.

This is not the first time that Flo­ren­tines have tried to achieve formal rec­on­cil­i­a­tion with the man they would later honor as “the high­est poet.” Wikipedia gives this account of an early effort:

In 1315, Flo­rence was forced by Uguc­cione della Fag­giuola (the mil­i­tary offi­cer con­trol­ling the town) to grant an amnesty to people in exile, includ­ing Dante. But Flo­rence required that as well as paying a sum of money, these exiles would do public penance. Dante refused, pre­fer­ring to remain in exile. When Uguc­cione defeated Flo­rence, Dante’s death sen­tence was com­muted to house arrest, on con­di­tion that he go to Flo­rence to swear that he would never enter the town again. Dante refused to go. His death sen­tence was con­firmed and extended to his sons. Dante still hoped late in life that he might be invited back to Flo­rence on hon­ourable terms.

The Flo­ren­tine res­o­lu­tion, which passed 19-5, restores Dante’s full cit­i­zen­ship in the city. The five naysay­ers not unjustly called the process “a stunt,” and Vit­to­rio Ser­monti, one of the most famous read­ers and com­men­ta­tors on Dante in Italy today, was like­wise skep­ti­cal. “Well,” he told La Repub­blica, “now they can start the reha­bil­i­ta­tion process for Brutus and Cas­sius as well.”

Two Views: On the Bottle And Its Contents

1/ Donald Barthelme, “For I’m the Boy” (1964):

The bottle was old and dirty but the brandy when Huber returned with it was tasty in the extreme.

2/ Grate­ful Dead, “Brown-Eyed Women” (1971):

The bottle was dusty but the liquor was clean.

Gessen vs. Gawker

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This is one way to look at it.

Here’s another: Gawker is to Keith Gessen what Gary Baum was to Dave Eggers.

Granted, the anal­ogy is a stretch, since Gawker pro­fesses none of the open adu­la­tion that Baum had for Eggers. But con­sider this, from Gessen’s 2001* arti­cle on Baum and his FoE! Log. Not only does it read like a recipe for Gawker, but it’s fur­ther proof–as if Gessen’s novel weren’t proof enough–that the fate of sad young lit­er­ary men has always been his subject:

The Log was about fame: the fame that Eggers had and the fame that Gary wanted. It was about the wages of such fame, its con­di­tions, its uses. There were occa­sional lit­er­ary quo­ta­tions in the Log, but they were not from Eggers’s books; there were ref­er­ences to lit­er­ary fig­ures, but only inso­far as their careers were con­cerned. Larger ques­tions were being dealt with here. How does one take the enor­mous appa­ra­tus of celebrity-​creation and force it to do one’s bid­ding? How does one, to put it more suc­cinctly, con­quer the world?

It was a good ques­tion, a Balza­cian ques­tion. And one was struck by the opti­mism of it, the inno­cence. I kept asking Gary whether he’d become dis­en­chanted by the dirty secrets of the lit­er­ary world, whether he still thought it a world worth con­quer­ing. He wasn’t, and he did. Because though Gary proved beyond the doubt of any rea­son­able reader that lit­er­ary fame, and lit­er­a­ture, is a vast and intri­cate con­spir­acy, the trick of the Log was that it wasn’t a con­spir­acy he abhorred. He wanted in, he merely wanted in.

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*Note: The arti­cle was orig­i­nally writ­ten for the Atlantic, but for rea­sons Gessen explains in the post­script, it didn’t appear in print until the first issue of n+1, in the fall of 2004.

Peter O’Leary on the Objectivists

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From “The Ener­gies of Words,” Peter O’Leary’s his­tory of the famous 1931 “Objectivists” issue of Poetry:

For an issue that launched a move­ment, it’s not par­tic­u­larly mem­o­rable for its poetry, most of which was writ­ten by second-​rate poets who hap­pened to be friends of Zukof­sky, or by now canon­i­cal poets who are not regarded as Objec­tivists, such as Williams, Bunting, or Ken­neth Rexroth, a prog­en­i­tor of the San Fran­cisco Renais­sance in the 1950s.

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